Just a dad with a sysadmin hobby … leaving reddit
I’ll leave this one here for someone:
You can tunnel L2 over OpenVPN. Just bridge your interfaces in both sides and it works.
That way if you need to provision a VOIP phone or just have something NetBoot remotely. Not that I recommend doing that…
That is distinctly less whimsical
The US Government is entirely metric. It’s just the US Citizens that aren’t. So there’s this entire separation where no one uses metric, so nothing is made for metric, since nothing is made for metric, no one uses metric.
Obviously that’s changing over time plenty of people use a mixture of both systems all the time. The machines are mostly driving adoption at this point. 3D printers, cars, etc.
And when that happened I stoped watching prime and just put on my eye patch & tricorn 🏴☠️…
Though I’m still paying for the content I just watch it differently than intended 🤷♂️
Like everyone has said there’s way better ways of doing it.
HOWEVER if you wanted to use dd you totally could. I’d recommend piping into something like gzip/zstd to save some space though.
dd if=/dev/sda | gzip >/mnt/backup_disk/sda.gz
You could also use restic backup the raw block device too.
That being said, clonezilla is exactly what you want
Since both drives are SSDs there’s nothing really stopping you from using BTRFS. You are correct that the features for BTRFS are better for the long term health of your SSDs and if you feel comfortable with it then you should 100% use it. That being said with todays SSDs the life span extending features of BTRFS, F2FS, etc are going to be minimal at best. So don’t stress too much over running it or not. Just use whatever you’re most comfortable with.
The kind of data OP is talking about using won’t benefit much from the features of btrfs. That being said it’s still a great choice for them!
Also it will detect bitrot but it won’t be able to fix it unless DUP is being used.
I’m assuming you don’t want to tinker with things? I’m also assuming you do not have experience with things like ZFS. So….
Unless you’re running multiple drives (or special options) zfs & btrfs aren’t going to give you much. For instance btrfs (unless it’s set to DUP) isn’t going to protect from bitrot or other data corruption. Same goes for ZFS. It will throw an error when something doesn’t match the checksum though.
Your best option is to either use ext4 or xfs for your 4tb storage. If you’re working with a lot of large files xfs has some advantages but overall you’re not going to notice that much of a difference in your uses.
For your ssd, btrfs has the advantage over ext4 and xfs. Although so does f2fs. In practical uses for what you’re describing it’s not going to make that much of a difference.
Unless you have a specific reason to use something other than ext4 then just stick with that. It’s simple and just works. Make sure you’re keeping backups eg restic, borg, rsync, duplicity, etc etc. and follow the 3,2,1 rule where possible and you’ll be fine.
If it were me setting up that system I’d mirror the drives and use btrfs. Which is pretty much what I did on my PC. But that double the costs of storage.
The only place (at home) I use ZFS is on my NAS. I have Rocky8 setup and all it does is handle storage. I use mirrored pairs on my important data and Z1 on everything else. But that’s a topic for another post
If you REALLY want some of the features of zfs or btrfs eg snapshots, I’d lean on your backup software for that but if you can use LVM to take snapshots in a similar fashion. See STRAIS for another example too. However that’s beyond the scope of this post.
To be honest, there’s a few good comments linking to scripts and methods here to batch convert them on a windows pc/vm. That’s the best way to go.
To add on to their comments. If you’re just interested in preserving them then maybe printing them to pdf, specifically pdf/a, would be my approach once you got them opened.