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Android is not developed by Google. It’s open source but Google adds a lot of stuff on top. There are ways to minimise what apps can spy on you: gboard, keep notes, calendar, calculator, gmail - all can be swapped for better and more privacy respecting apps from F-droid. You can also disable Google and other system (vendor) apps through adb. Some OS if you don’t want to do that are Lineage OS and Calyx OS.
really necessary?
no but there are some settings in about:config you might want to change
this is a good video (easier to follow if you are on linux) that shows installation of a profile with all the settings already in it
One of the best is Iceland
You mean things like the Intel Management Engine? I think they are partially disabled, like in librebooted ThinkPads.
Great! If you want even better privacy settings you can check out this video by Mental Outlaw
The only good computer is one you have the hardware schematics to (i.e. virtually none of them).
Purism, System76 and, more recently, Framework